chart A graphical representation of data, in which data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar graph, lines in a line graph, or slices in a pie chart.^[1] A graph can represent tabulated numeric data, functional data, or some kind of qualitative graph. The expression “graph” is used as a graphical representation of data that has several meanings:

• A chart or graphic type chart, which organizes and represents a set of numerical or qualitative data.
• Maps decorated with additional information for specific purposes are often known as charts, such as nautical charts or aeronautical charts.
• Some charts for specific fields are sometimes called charts, such as the chord chart in music notation or the chart of records in lyrical albums.

Charts are used to facilitate understanding of large amounts of data and the relationships between them. The chart can be read more quickly than the raw data. Graphs are used in many fields and can be drawn manually or by computer using graphing software. Some types of charts are more useful for representing a given set of data than others. For example, percentages in different groups (eg satisfied, dissatisfied, unsure) are often represented by a pie chart, but may be more understandable if represented by a horizontal bar chart.^[2] On the other hand, plotting data that represents variable numbers over a period of time (such as annual earnings from 1990 to 2000) is best plotted using a line chart.

Chart properties[عدل]

A graph takes many forms, but they share a number of characteristics that allow a graph to derive meaning from data: Data in a graph is represented by a graphic, because humans are able to infer meaning from images faster than from text. Text is usually used to add clarification to data. One of the most important uses of text in drawing is to add a title. The title of the chart appears above the graph, and describes the meaning of the data the graph depicts. Dimensions are displayed on the horizontal x-axis. If two axes are used, horizontal and vertical, they are called the x (horizontal) axis and the y (vertical) axis. Each axis shall have a graduated scale that is determined in a periodic gradient and is accompanied by numerical or symbolic indicators. Each axis also has a title displayed next to it or below it, and this title describes the dimensions represented by the axis. If the scale is numeric, the title should be attached to the unit of measurement in parentheses. For example, the X-axis title might be “Distance Traveled (Meters)”, meaning that the X-axis represents the distance traveled in meters. In a graph, gridlines are used to help identify data points. Data in a chart can appear in all shapes and sizes, and may include text titles describing units of data associated with specific locations on the chart. The data may appear as connected or disconnected points or shapes, and in a mixture of different colors and patterns. When the data shown in a graph includes many variables, a legend is appended to the graph with a list of the variables and an example of how they are represented. This caption makes it easy to identify all the variables represented.

Types of charts[عدل]

Popular charts[عدل]

The four most popular chart types:

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  Histogram

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  Bar chart

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  segmented circle

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  Line chart

This offer includes:

• The histogram consists of tabulated frequencies in the form of adjacent rectangles, built at separate intervals, with areas equal to the frequency of the observations in the period.
• A bar graph is a representation of rectangles with lengths proportional to the values ​​they represent. The bars may be drawn horizontally or vertically.
• The pie chart shows percentage values ​​as slices of a pie.
• A line graph is a two-dimensional scatterplot representing ordinal observations where the observations are joined according to their order.

Other chart types:

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  timeline

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  organizational structure chart

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  tree diagram

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  flowchart

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  area chart

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  Cartogram

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  family tree chart

Less commonly used charts[عدل]

Examples of less commonly used charts:

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  Bubble chart

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  Polar area chart

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  Radar expression chart

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  tree map

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  Flowchart

This offer shows the following:

• A bubble chart is a two-dimensional scatter plot, in which a third variable is represented by the size of the dots (bubbles).
• The polar area diagram is a modification of the segmented circle diagram and was developed by Florence Nightingale.
• A radar chart or spider chart is a two-dimensional chart that represents two or more quantitative variables, represented on the plot starting from the same point.
• A waterfall chart, also known as a “walking” chart, is a special type of floating column chart.
• The tree map represents the values ​​in the areas of the rectangles. Other dimensions can be represented by colour.
• A flow chart is a curved area diagram stacked around a central axis.

Charts with special fields[عدل]

Here are some types of charts used in specific fields:

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  Open-high-low-close chart

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  Kagi chart

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  spark diagram

This offer shows the following:

• Prices in the stock market are interpreted with an open-high-low-close chart and a traditional bar chart
• A candlestick chart is another type of bar chart used to describe the movement of stock prices over time.
• A Kagi chart is a chart that tracks stocks regardless of time
• Alternatively, where less detail is required, a spark diagram can be used.

Other examples:

• Interest rates, temperatures, etc. are plotted by a line chart.
• Project planners use the Gantt chart to show the times of tasks in order of their sequence in the time available for the project.

well-known schemes[عدل]

Here are some schemes with well-known names:

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  Gantt chart

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  Nolan scheme

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  Project evaluation and review method outline

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  Smith scheme

Some infographics have become very popular for effectively explaining a phenomenon or idea.

• Gantt chart helps in scheduling challenging projects.
• The Nolan Diagram and the Purnell Diagram are used to classify political philosophies according to axes of variance.
• PERT chart is commonly used in project management.
• Smith diagram is used in electronics.

other kinds[عدل]

There are many other types of charts, and here are some of them:

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  control scheme

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  natal chart

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  equation chart

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  Pareto chart

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  Flowchart

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  organization chart

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  Vowels chart

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  strip chart

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  heat map

charting software[عدل]

The graph can be created manually, and computer graph software can be used to create the graph automatically based on the entered data. For the most important software tools, see our list of charting software.

See also[عدل]

• a plan
• official statistics
• formal scheme

the reviewer[عدل]

• Mathematics portal
• Statistics portal

graphic chart On sister projects:
	Pictures and audio from Commons.

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