reading A cognitive process based on decomposing symbols called letters to form a meaning, and to reach the stage of understanding and realization. It is a part of language that is a way of communicating or understanding. The language consists of letters, numbers and symbols known and circulated for communication between people. Reading is a means of receiving the information of the writer or sender of the message and sensing the desired meaning. It is a means of learning and communicating with cultures and civilizations by retrieving information recorded in the brain, previously marked in the form of letters, numbers, symbols and other things such as the Braille method of reading for the blind. There are other types of reading other than those in the language, such as reading musical notes or illustrations. In the terminology of computer science, reading is the retrieval of information from places where it is stored on the computer, such as hard disks, floppy disks, and others.

Types of reading[عدل]

In terms of practice, reading is divided into two basic types: silent reading and reading aloud^[1] For each of the two types, the reader should define the symbols and understand the meanings, but aloud reading requires the reader to explain to others the ideas and emotions contained in the read material.

Silent reading skills[عدل]

1. Determine the goals and topic of the book.
2. Identify main and sub-ideas and distinguish between them.
3. Understand the meanings of words and structures.
4. Choose an appropriate title for the read material.

Oral reading skills[عدل]

• Correct reading without errors.
• Extracting letters from their exits.
• Audio expression of the read meanings.
• Adhere to the correct stopping positions.

It can also be in the classroom environment as follows: A- The teacher or the reader is considered a living model through which the student sees how to read flexible. B- The student was able to listen to topics above his reading level and to discuss them, as his ability to understand what he heard might exceed his ability to understand what he himself reads. C- Give the student a background on the subject or story, which generates a desire to read that subject or stories. D- Enable the older pupils to read to the younger ones.

Principles of reading[عدل]

• Reading is a constructive process in the sense that no text fully interprets itself. When interpreting a text, the reader relies on the stock of knowledge about the subject of the text, through the reader using his previous knowledge to interpret the text.
• Reading requires the reader to know the spelling and pronunciation of the word and to associate the word with its meaning.
• The method of reading the text depends on the complexity of the text, the extent of the reader’s understanding of its topic, and the purpose of reading, whether the goal is educational or for entertainment.
• Learning to read requires that the reader learn to control his reading according to the material read and his ability to comprehend.
• Reading well requires learning to maintain attention and knowing that the material read can be interesting and useful.
• Reading well requires continuity, practice and continuous improvement.

Creative reading[عدل]

Due to the tremendous technological development and the knowledge explosion that the current era is witnessing, and the interest in freedom of expression and opinion, the concept of reading has expanded and reading has become an emotional mentality that includes the interpretation of symbols and drawings that the reader receives by understanding the meanings and linking the reader’s previous experience with these meanings, conclusion, criticism, judgment, tasting and problem-solving. Hence the importance Linking reading with innovation and creativity, and reading came out of its traditional concept, which did not meet the needs of the age, towards innovative reading that makes the book a source of thinking and creativity and makes the learner dive into the read material to acquire the truth in what he reads and summons the hidden ideas that he possesses, which he mixes with his imagination, thus increasing his balance of the read material and becoming Able to employ and use or rewrite and express it.

Reading in the Arab world[عدل]

The Arab world suffers from a lack of reading. According to statistics, it was found that every million Arabs read only 30 books. This reveals to us that the situation of reading in the Arab world is very miserable, and what is meant by reading is whatever it is (whether it is scientific or literary books or any other kind).

Among the reasons for poor reading in the Arab world: the deteriorating economic situation that does not allow the purchase of books, in addition to the fact that the titles of Arabic reading indicate that the Arabs to this day do not read, and do not pay attention to reading (70 million of them are illiterate, neither read nor write).^[2] This is what led to the exacerbation of illiteracy to reach its highest levels in Arab countries such as: Yemen, Mauritania, and Djibouti, in addition to the spread of ignorance, as there is a wide range of students who drop out of school after the end of the primary stage, and join the labor market, for several reasons, including financial and difficult political and social conditions such as Wars and lack of resources.

Reading goals[عدل]

There are many goals that lie behind reading, and these goals differ from one person to another depending on his situation and culture, and these goals may be:

• Functional goals: Like someone who reads the core of his specialization and the nature of his work.
• Developmental goals: reading what refines personality and enhances talents.
• Cultural and cognitive goals: such as general reading of knowledge and knowledge and increasing the cultural stock.
• Promotional goals: Reading in and of itself is a pleasure for the soul, so how about if what is being read is anecdotal, absurd, extreme tales, and marvels.
• Realistic goals: By interacting with reality, like a bride who reads before marriage, or someone who hears about the World Trade Organization and reads about it.

the importance of reading[عدل]

Reading is one of the most important mental processes that a person may benefit from in a very short time, and reading makes society as members of a conscious society. Violence or a loud voice, reading changes the way of life for people, because through it a kind of meditation and the realization of the mind, mind and human senses as a whole takes place, and from this standpoint a person begins to control himself through reading, knowledge and awareness.^[3]

Photo Gallery[عدل]

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See also[عدل]

• Language and speech impairment
• Special language weakness
• smart reading (book)
• Dyslexia
• The terrible danger of reading

Reference[عدل]

• Spirituality portal
• Books portal
• Culture portal
• Psychology portal
• Linguistics portal

reading On sister projects:
	Pictures and audio from Commons. Quotations from Wikiquote.

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