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Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq Abdullah bin Othman Al-Taymi Al-Qurashi (50 BC – 13 AH / 573 AD – 634 AD) He is the first of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and one of the ten who were given the glad tidings of Paradise. He is the minister and companion of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad, and his companion when he migrated to Medina. The people of the Sunnah and the community consider him the best of people after the prophets and messengers, and the most faithful and ascetic companions, and the most beloved people to the Prophet Muhammad after his wife Aisha. The name of Abu Bakr is usually appended to the nickname of Al-Siddiq, and it is a nickname that was given to him by the Prophet Muhammad because you believe him a lot.

Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq was born in Mecca in the year 573 CE, two years and six months after the Year of the Elephant. He was one of the richest people of the Quraish during the pre-Islamic period. When the Prophet Muhammad called him to Islam, he embraced Islam without hesitation. He was the first of the free men to convert to Islam. Then Abu Bakr emigrated accompanying the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, and witnessed the Battle of Badr and all the scenes with the Prophet Muhammad, and when the Prophet fell ill with his illness in which he died, he ordered Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer. The Prophet Muhammad died on Monday 12 Rabi` al-Awwal in the year 11 AH, and Abu Bakr was sworn allegiance to the caliphate on the same day, so he began managing the affairs of the Islamic state from appointing governors, the judiciary, and running armies, and many Arab tribes apostatized from Islam, so he began fighting them and sending armies to fight them until he subjugated the entire Arabian Peninsula under Islamic rule, and when the wars of apostasy ended, Abu Bakr began directing the Islamic armies to conquer Iraq and the Levant, so he conquered most of Iraq and a large part of the land of the Levant. Abu Bakr died on Monday, the 22nd of Jumada al-Akhirah in the year 13 AH, at the age of sixty-three years, and Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeded him after him.

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Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Abi Talib al-Hashemi al-Qurashi (13 Rajab 23 BC AH / 17 March 599 AD – 21 Ramadan 40 AH / 27 January 661 AD) The cousin of Muhammad bin Abdullah, the Prophet of Islam and his son-in-law, from his family, and his guarantor when his parents and grandfather died, and one of his companions, he is the fourth of the rightly guided caliphs according to the Sunnah And one of the ten who were given the glad tidings of Paradise and the first imams among the Shiites.

He was born in Mecca, and the sources of history indicate that his birth was in the Kaaba, and his mother was Fatima Bint Asad Al Hashemite. He embraced Islam before the Prophet’s migration, and he is the second or third person to enter Islam, and the first of the boys to convert to Islam. He migrated to Medina, three days after the immigration of Muhammad, and his brother Muhammad with himself when he was a brother among the Muslims, and he married his daughter Fatima in the second year of immigration.

Ali participated in all of the Prophet’s campaigns, except for the Battle of Tabuk, where Muhammad succeeded him in Medina. He was known for his strength and skill in fighting, and he was an important factor in the victory of the Muslims in various battles, most notably the Battle of the Trench and the Battle of Khaybar. Ali was trusted by the Prophet Muhammad, and he was one of the book of revelations and one of his most important ambassadors and ministers.

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Paul of Tarsusi He is also known as Paul the Apostle or Saint Paul (sometimes his name is written in Arabic with the letter S). Paul), is one of the leaders of the first Christian generation and is seen by some as the second most important figure in the history of Christianity after Christ himself. He is known by Christians as the Messenger of Nations, as they consider him one of the most prominent preachers of this religion in Asia Minor and Europe, and he had many followers and opponents alike. It is expected that he did not enjoy the same prestige that his Christian contemporaries assigned to Peter or James, the brother of the Lord, and through the letters attributed to him, the features of a struggle that Paul waged to prove the legitimacy and credibility of his work as an apostle of Christ becomes apparent. The influence that Paul left on Christianity contributed to making him one of the largest religious leaders in the world throughout the ages. The Christian world celebrated between June 29, 2008 and June 29, 2009 the second millennium jubilee of his birth in Tarsus (Asia Minor).

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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (English: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi); (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a prominent politician and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered the satyagraha resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded on ahimsa or complete non-violence, which led to the independence of India and inspired many civil rights and freedom movements across the world. Gandhi is known all over the world as Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा Mahatma meaning ‘great soul’, an honorific applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore, also in India as Babu (Gujarati: બાપુ Babu i.e. “father”). It is officially honored in India as a Father of the nation; As his birthday, October 2, is celebrated there asGandhi JayantiIt is a national holiday, and globally it is the International Day of Nonviolence.

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Maroon or Saint Maron or Mar Maron As is common, (in Syriac: ܡܪܝ ܡܪܘܢ) a hermit, monk, and priest who lived in northern Syria during the fourth century. He is considered one of the most famous Syrian Syriac ecclesiastical personalities, because he is associated with the Maronite Antiochene Syriac Church, which considers him a founder, intercessor, and father. Therefore, Bishop Youssef Al-Dibs, the Maronite Archbishop of Beirut at the end of the nineteenth century, says in his book title holderThe detailed mosque in the history of the original Maronites“: «The history of the Maronites begins with a discussion of Saint Maron, who is considered the founder and patron saint of this sect».

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Abu Hafs Omar bin Al-Khattab Al-Adawi Al-Qurashi, nicknamed Al-Faruq, is the second of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and one of the great companions of the Prophet Muhammad, and one of the most famous people and leaders in Islamic history and one of the most influential and influential. He is one of the ten who were given the glad tidings of Paradise, and among the scholars of the Companions and their ascetics. He assumed the Islamic caliphate after the death of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq on August 23, 634 AD, corresponding to the twenty-second of Jumada al-Thani in the year 13 AH. Ibn al-Khattab was an expert judge, and he was famous for his justice and fairness to people of grievances, whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims.

He is the founder of the Hijri calendar, and during his reign Islam reached a great extent, and the scope of the Islamic state expanded until it included all of Iraq, Egypt, Libya, the Levant, Persia, Khorasan, eastern Anatolia, southern Armenia and Sijistan, and it was he who brought Jerusalem under Muslim rule for the first time and it is the third holiest city in Islam, and with this the state absorbed The Islamic lands included the entire territory of the Sasanian Persian Empire and about two-thirds of the lands of the Byzantine Empire. Umar ibn al-Khattab’s military genius was manifested in his organized campaigns, which he directed to subdue the Persians, who outnumbered the Muslims in strength, so he managed to conquer their entire empire in less than two years. Her races are diverse.

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Othman bin Affan, the Umayyad al-Qurashi (47 BC – 35 AH / 577 – 656 AD) The third of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, one of the ten who were given the glad tidings of Paradise, and one of the forerunners to Islam. And his nickname is the Two Lights. He was named so because he married two of the Prophet’s daughters: Ruqayyah, and then, after her death, Umm Kulthum.

Othman bin Affan embraced Islam at the beginning of Islam before Muhammad bin Abdullah entered Dar Al-Arqam, and he was over thirty years old. Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq invited him to Islam

Saying to him: Woe to you, O Othman, by God, you are a resolute man who does not conceal truth from falsehood from you. These idols that your people worship, are they not deaf stones that do not hear, do not see, do no harm, and do not benefit? He said: Yes, by God, it is. Abu Bakr said: This is Muhammad bin Abdullah. God sent him with his message to all of his creation. Can you come to him and hear from him? He said: Yes. Immediately, the Messenger of God passed by and said: Oh Othman, answer God to His Paradise, for I am the Messenger of God to you and to all His creation. He said: By God, I did not possess it when I heard his saying that I converted to Islam, and I testified that there is no god but God, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is the servant of God and His Messenger.

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Abdul Hamid II (in Ottoman Turkish: Abdul Hamid Thani; And in modern Turkish: Sultan Abdulhamid II or II. Abdulhamid). He is the second caliph of the Muslims after the hundred and the thirty-fourth sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and the twenty-sixth of the Othman family who combined the caliphate and the sultanate. He came to power on August 31, 1876 and was overthrown in a coup in the year 1327 AH (April 27, 1909). He was placed under house arrest until his death. And the last of them I have real power. Successor to his brother, Sultan Murad V. Known as “Ulu Sultan Abd al-Hamid Khan,” meaning “the Great Khagan,” “the Red Sultan,” “the oppressed sultan,” and Ghazi (the invader).

Sultan Abdul Hamid received his education in the royal palace and learned the Arabic and Persian languages. His succession witnessed a number of important events, such as the extension of the Hijaz Railway, which linked Damascus and Medina, and the state lost parts of its lands in the Balkans during his rule. He was succeeded by his brother, Sultan Muhammad V.

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Martin Luther He is a German monk, priest, professor of theology, and initiator of the Reformation in Europe, after his objection to the indulgences. In the year 1517 he published his famous treatise consisting of ninety-five points, most of which concern liberation theology and the authority of the pope to resolve from the “temporal punishment of sin”; His refusal to retreat from his ninety-five points at the request of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the request of the Holy Roman Empire represented by Emperor Charles V led him to exile, excommunication, and condemnation with his writings as heretical and outside the laws in force in the empire. The most prominent elements of Luther’s theological thought are that obtaining salvation or forgiveness of sins is a free gift and God’s grace through faith in Jesus Christ as Savior, and considering that everyone has the right to interpret the Bible; that the Book is the only source of knowledge concerning matters of faith; Opposing the authority of the private priesthood on the grounds that all Christians enjoy the sacred degree of the priesthood, and allowing priests to marry.

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Huyay bin Akhtab He is the master of the Banu Nadir before Islam, and he is the father of the mother of the believers, Safia bint Huyay bin Akhtab. He was the most knowledgeable of the Jews about their religion, as he was one of their fiercest fighters.

After the migration, when the Prophet arrived in Medina, Huyay bin Akhtab went with the sister of Abu Yasser bin Akhtab to meet the Prophet, and they asked him to look between his shoulders, in search of the seal of prophecy. Backbones”. And they looked and saw the ring. They asked him: When did your father die? He answered them, they asked him: Who raised you? And many questions, he answered them. Huyay bin Akhtab, who was one of the Jewish rabbis, returned, and his brother asked him: Is he him? “He means what is in the Torah.” He said: “He is he” (i.e., this is the Prophet). He said: His enmity remains.