Psychological resilience (in English: Psychological resilienceIt is the individual’s ability to cope with the difficulties of life under difficult social conditions and severe adversities, represented by family or emotional problems, health crises, or occupational or economic troubles.^[1][2][3]

Resilience is represented in one’s ability to overcome this suffering and effectively maintain his psychological state in a good way.

Psychological resilience is not a supernatural or rare force. In fact, psychological resilience is found in ordinary people, and anyone can acquire and develop it. Therefore, psychological resilience must be seen as a process of maturity and not as an attribute, as it is an individual process through which the individual seeks to know himself and his distinguished capabilities.

There is a common misconception about psychological resilience, which is that people with psychological resilience do not suffer from negative feelings, and they maintain their optimism no matter how different the situations are. However, the truth is that people with psychological resilience were able, over time, to acquire a coping method that enabled them to overcome the crisis effectively, or in other words. On the other hand, resilient people are people who have an optimistic and positive outlook or attitude, but who, over time and perseverance, can balance their negative feelings with positive ones.

History[عدل]

The study used epidemiology – the study of disease spread – to uncover risk and protective factors that now help define resilience.^[4] A year later, the same group of researchers created tools to look at systems that support the development of resilience.^[5]

One of the first scholars to use the term resilience was Amy Werner in the 1970s when she taught a group of children on Kauai. Kauai was fairly poor and many of these children grew up with alcoholic or mentally ill parents, and many parents were unemployed.^[6] Werner observed that two-thirds of the children raised in these conditions displayed destructive behaviors in their late teens such as chronic unemployment, substance abuse, and, in the case of teenage girls, childbirth out of wedlock; However, one-third of the children did not show destructive behavior, and Werner described them as the flexible group.^[7] As a result, resilient children and their families are those who display traits that have allowed them to be more successful than inflexible children and families.

Resilience also emerged as a major theoretical and research topic in the 1980s when studying children whose mothers had schizophrenia.^[8] In a study conducted in 1989, the results showed that children with a parent with schizophrenia may not receive an appropriate level of comfort care – compared to children with healthy parents – and that such conditions often have a detrimental effect on the child’s development. Patients with good parents who were competent in academic achievement; This has led researchers to do more to understand their responses to adversity.

Since the beginning of the research on resilience, researchers have devoted their efforts to discovering the protective factors that explain people’s adaptation to adverse conditions such as abuse, catastrophic life events, or extreme poverty.^[9] The focus of the experimental work has then shifted to understanding basic protective processes, and the researchers seek to uncover how factors such as family contact might contribute to positive outcomes.^[9]

approach[عدل]

Most research now shows that resilience is the result of individuals’ ability to interact with their environments and processes that promote well-being or protect them from the overwhelming influence of risk factors;^[10] When people are faced with a bad situation, there are three ways in which the situation can be dealt with:

1- He gets angry

2- He explodes with overwhelming negative emotions and becomes unable to respond

3- Becomes simply upset at the disturbing change

Only the third approach promotes well-being and is employed by resilient people who become dissatisfied with a disruptive situation and thus change their current style of coping with the situation. The first and second approaches lead people to adopt the role of the victim by blaming others and to reject any coping methods even after the crisis is over, as these people prefer an instinctive reaction rather than a response to the situation. Negative emotions include fear, anger, anxiety, distress, helplessness, and despair, which reduce a person’s ability to solve problems and weaken a person’s resilience; Constant fears and anxiety weaken people’s immune system and increase their susceptibility to disease.^[11]

These processes involve the individual’s coping strategy and can be assisted by protective factors such as good families, schools, and communities that increase the potential for resilience to occur.^[12]

live models[عدل]

There are three salient foundations for resilience—self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-concept—all of which are rooted in three different nervous systems: the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the central nervous system.

أحد المجالات الناشئة في دراسة المرونة هو الأساس العصبي الحيوي للمرونة لمقاومة الضغط والتوتر.

Related factors[عدل]

The study shows that there are several factors that develop and enhance a person’s resilience:^[13]

1. The ability to make realistic plans and the ability to take the necessary steps to follow through

2. Confidence in one’s strengths and abilities

3. Communication and problem-solving skills

4. The ability to manage strong impulses and feelings

Resilience is negatively associated with negative neurotic and emotional personality traits that represent tendencies to see and confront the world as a threat that is difficult to resolve and to view oneself as weak; While resilience is positively associated with personality traits that are extroverted and positive emotionality that represents dispositions to engage and face the world with confidence in success and a fair value for self-direction.^[3]

positive feelings[عدل]

There is significant research found in the scientific literature on the relationship between positive emotions and resilience. Studies show that maintaining positive emotions in the face of adversity promotes flexibility in thinking and problem-solving. Positive emotions perform an important function in their ability to help an individual recover from stressful experiences and encounters, so maintaining a positive emotion is said to help counteract the physiological effects of negative emotions.

Positive emotions not only have physical consequences, they also have physiological consequences. Some of the physiological consequences of humor include improvements in the functioning of the immune system and an increase in the level of immunoglobin A, an antibody that acts as the body’s first line of defense in respiratory diseases;^[14][15] Moreover, other health outcomes include a faster rate of recovery from infection, lower rates of hospital admissions and shorter hospital stays for older people.

perseverance[عدل]

Perseverance refers to persistence and passion for long-term goals.^[16] This work is characterized by persistence towards challenges, and maintaining effort over the years despite negative reactions.

Other factors[عدل]

A study was conducted among high-achieving professionals who seek challenging challenges that demand resilience. Research found that 13 successful cross-professionals who faced workplace challenges and negative life events throughout their careers were also recognized for great achievements in their specialized fields.

Reference[عدل]

• Education portal
• Psychology portal

flexibility On sister projects:
	Pictures and audio from Commons.

Retrieved from «https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resilience_(psychology)&oldid=59142192»