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Egypt is located geographically between latitudes 22 and 31.5 north, and thus Egypt is considered in the heart of the global sun belt, and thus it is considered one of the richest countries in the world with solar energy. Ministry has done Electricity and energy Conducting several studies to determine the characteristics of radiation in Egypt, which resulted in updating the available data from the meteorological station and adding some new stations and advanced measurement equipment. Atlas of solar energy in Egypt The following table shows the monthly average hours of sunshine at the locations of the monitoring stations in Egypt.

monitoring station	January	February	March	April	mayo	June	July	August	September	October	Nov	December	annual average
sir brani	6,9	7,8	7,9	9	10,8	12.2	12,1	12,1	10,6	9,2	8,4	6,8	9.5
Marsa Matrouh	6,9	7,8	7,9	9	10,6	11.7	12,1	11.9	10.5	8.9	8	6,4	9.3
Alexandria	6,4	7,8	8.2	9.1	10.6	11.8	12,0	11.3	10.3	9.6	7.3	6.2	9.2
Damietta	7.2	8.3	8.4	9.7	11.4	12.5	12.3	11.9	10.7	9.7	8.1	6.6	9.7
Port Said	7	7.8	8.4	9.1	11.2	12.1	12,1	11.6	10.5	9.7	8.0	6.8	9.5
editing	7.4	7.9	8.8	9.8	11	12.2	12.2	11.8	10.6	9.6	7.8	7.2	9.7
Tanta	7.2	8.1	8.7	9.9	11	11.5	12	11.4	10.7	9.5	8.3	7.2	9.7
Bahtim	7	8,3	8,6	9.6	10.8	11.9	11.8	11.2	10.4	9.6	8.2	7.7	9.6
Almaza	7.6	7.8	8.6	8.9	11.2	11.9	11.4	11.4	9.5	9.4	8.2	7.6	9.5
Giza	7.8	8.2	8.8	9.6	11.2	12.2	12	11.5	10.5	9.8	8.5	7.7	9.8
Siwa	8.3	9.3	9.1	9.3	11.1	12.3	12.6	12	10.7	9.7	9.7	8	10.1
outgoing	9.1	9.7	10.2	10.4	11.5	12.2	12.4	12	11	10.6	9.9	9.5	Mac OS X Lion
Minya	8.7	9.4	9.5	10.1	11.4	12.5	12.6	12	10.8	10.2	9.2	8.3	Mac OS X Tiger
Hurghada	9.4	9.7	9.7	10.1	11.5	12.8	12.7	12.1	11.2	10.4	9.1	9.1	Mac OS X Lion
Aswan	9.4	9.2	9.4	10.6	11.8	12.4	12.3	11.6	10.9	10.5	9.6	9.6	Mac OS X Snow Leopard
Owainat	7.7	8.8	9.8	10.3	10.2	10	9.9	9.6	9.6	9.2	7.1	7.1	9.2

• Most parts of the country receive a start Cairo Even the farthest south radiation exceeds 6 kilowatts. hour / square meter / day, and the days in which clouds appear most of the daylight hours are less than 20 days a year, and the total radiation increases from north to south, reaching a value of 5 kilowatts. hour/sqm/day near North Coast and more than 7 kilowatts. h/m2/day southernmost Egypt.

• Most parts of the country, from Cairo to the far south, receive direct solar radiation in excess of 7 kilowatts. hour / square meter / day, while the number of hours of sunshine exceeds 4000 hours annually. These numbers are among the highest in the world.

• The value of dispersed solar radiation reaches the highest value in the far north of Egypt, where it exceeds 2 kilowatts. hour / square meter / day, that is, up to 40% of the value of solar radiation there. This is something that cannot be overlooked when installing solar systems in these regions, while the dispersed radiation decreases to only about 20% in the far south.

• The annual average number of hours of sunshine per day ranges from 9 hours to approximately 11 hours in the desert south of Egypt, and sunshine hours exceed 3600 hours annually in most parts of Egypt.

• The amount of radiation falling over the entire area of ​​Egypt is more than 6 trillion kilowatts. hour per day, which is more than 100 times the electrical energy generated during the entire year 1996/1997. This does not mean that most of the electricity generated in the future can be from solar energy due to some difficulties.

Current exploitation and future plans[عدل]

Solar thermal energy[عدل]

Current applications of solar thermal energy include solar heating for domestic and public purposes such as hospitals and camps, and solar heating of water and air in low- and medium-temperature industrial processes. Finally, use Solar thermal energy For electricity generation and current exploitation will be explained in each of these applications.

Solar heating in industrial processes[عدل]

Some industrial sectors consume large amounts of heat in medium and low temperatures, especially the spinning and weaving industryFood Industry, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, metallurgical industries, and refractory industries such as refractory bricks. Two pilot projects have been implemented to use solar heating in industrial processes in Egypt, one in the food industry sector in one of the automated chicken slaughterhouses, and the other in the spinning and weaving sector, which is the “Misr-Helwan Spinning and Weaving Factory”.

The automatic abattoir project produces 28 cubic meters/day of hot water, the temperature of which ranges between 50-60 Celsius. It includes a system to recover the waste heat in the slaughterhouse and saves about 345 tons of oil equivalent annually. As for the “Misr-Helwan Spinning and Weaving” project, it produces 48 cubic meters per day of hot water, whose temperature ranges from 65-75 degrees Celsius.

Solar heating for domestic and general purposes[عدل]

The number of solar water heaters installed in 2005 is estimated at about 200,000 modules, each with a capacity of 150 liters of hot water. The surface area of ​​each solar collector is about 2 square meters, i.e. the total area of ​​these surface units is about 400,000 square meters, contributing to saving about 80,000 A ton of oil equivalent per year, and thus, there is one solar heater for every 620 people, and the per capita share is less than 0.24 liters of hot water by solar energy, which is a number far below the capabilities available to Egypt.

One of the most important factors that led to the lack of use of solar heaters compared to other heaters installed in homes, which are powered by gas and electricity, is the high investment cost. A typical solar heater is two to three times the price of a comparable gas or electric heater.

Although the operating cost of the heaters is low as they do not need fuel or electricity to operate, and the operating cost is limited to some simple maintenance, the investment cost is high for the average consumer due to the weak purchasing power of the general Egyptian people, which makes the consumer prefer to buy other heaters that are less expensive. cost to incur a greater monthly operating cost.

Using solar energy to generate electricity[عدل]

Solar thermal and electricity generation systems rely on collecting direct solar radiation and then concentrating the concentrated radiation into Thermal energy Transfer to the thermal energy conversion system to electric power. The technology of cylindrical parabolic concentrators is considered the most advanced technology, and has been tried several times on a global level, and is currently used in conjunction with Combined cycle that run on natural gas. The contribution of solar energy currently in this type of unit ranges from 15-18%.

The Ministry of Electricity and Energy planned to build pilot stations to generate electricity in creams Its capacity is 140-150 megawatts, powered by solar energy and natural gas. The ministry aims for the installed capacity to reach 6,800 megawatts by 2017, producing 41 terawatts. hour annually. The following table shows the program for the introduction of these stations, and these numbers seem very optimistic, especially in light of the required funding, which is supposed to be contributed by the private sector with the BOOT system and international bodies concerned with preserving the environment such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF).in English: Global Environmental Facility) which finances the difference between the cost of the cheapest alternative for generating electricity and the cost of the alternative for using solar energy with a non-refundable grant for the first station only (in the case of Egypt, the aforementioned Karimat station). International policies towards the environment will play like the Clean Development Mechanism.in English: Clean Development Mechanism), and international commitment to support the use of renewable energy plays an important role.

Program for the introduction of integrated stations for solar energy and the combined cycle
Five-year plan	units	Installed capacity (MW)	Annual generation (terawatt hours)
1997-2002	2 * 100	200	1.2
2002-2007	5*300	1500	8.8
2007-2012	7*300	2100	13
2012-2017	5*600	3000	18
Total	—	6800	41

Photovoltaic solar cells[عدل]

photovoltaic solar cells (in English: Photovoltaic Solar Cells) by converting the light energy of the sun into electrical energy directly, and therefore it represents a very encouraging alternative as it does not include any moving parts and does not cause environmental pollution. The solar cell industry is closely linked to the advanced electronic industries that arose in connection with the conquest of space, and although its cost is constantly decreasing year after year, it is still an expensive alternative, and its economy is still encouraging for small loads in remote places far from the unified electrical network.

Current uses in Egypt of solar cells are on an experimental level, and include electricity generation for water pumping, desalination, cooling and communications. There is no accurate statistics on the total size of the installed solar cell units, but it is estimated that in 1999 they ranged from 1.5-2 megawatts producing from 3650 to 4380 kilowatts. hour annually. These numbers are very small and the main reason for this is its high cost compared to other alternatives.

See also[عدل]

• Maadi solar power plant
• Benban solar power station
• New and Renewable Energy Authority
• thin film solar cell
• Solar cadmium telluride thin film
• solar cell
• Generation of electricity from the sun’s energy
  • my best light effect
  • light board
  • photoelectric phenomenon
  • My photovoltaic board
  • Solar energy stations
  • My Photovoltaic Matrix
  • Multijunction photovoltaic cell
  • Primary crystallization

References[عدل]

• energy portal
• Egypt portal

extracted from «https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solar_energy_in_Egypt&oldid=60300503»